If the observer is on Earth, the elongation angle is computed neglecting the effects of atmospheric refraction (since that is the angle which determines the lighting pattern, even though the observed separation may be distorted by differences in refraction).The exact value of the elongation is dependent on the location of the observer.It is an approximate determinant of the theoretical percent illumination of the Moon, which is calculated as if the Moon were a perfect sphere (see: phase).The elongation angle is listed as the "Sun-Observer-Target" or "SOT" angle in the lunar output from JPL Horizons. Description The elongation of the Moon is the apparent angular distance of the center of the Moon from the center of the Sun as seen by a particular observer.
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